Factors influencing the success of coronary artery bypass grafting

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is widely recognized as the optimal revascularization strategy for patients with complex coronary artery disease (CAD), especially in cases involving multi-vessel disease or significant stenosis of the left main coronary artery. Despite advances in percutaneous coronary interventions, CABG offers superior long-term outcomes, especially when complete revascularization is achieved. This review synthesizes current evidence from the past decade to examine the multifactorial determinants of CABG outcomes. Key factors include patient-specific characteristics (e.g., age, sex, comorbidities), the anatomical complexity of CAD, surgical techniques, graft selection, and perioperative management. Postoperative care, including rehabilitation, medication adherence, and lifestyle modifications, further influences recovery and long-term survival. Additionally, socioeconomic factors such as access to care, insurance status, and hospital volume impact procedural success. Emerging innovations—including multiarterial grafting, minimally invasive techniques, robotics-assisted procedures, and hybrid revascularization—are shaping the future of CABG, though broader adoption is challenged by cost and resource limitations. A multidisciplinary, individualized approach is essential for optimizing patient outcomes and ensuring the durability of surgical benefits.