Resection of primary leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with reconstruction: A case series and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare tumor which presents a unique surgical challenge. We present a series of six cases of leiomyosarcoma resection performed with IVC reconstruction. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was performed for patients undergoing initial operative resection of primary leiomyosarcoma with IVC reconstruction, at a tertiary care center. RESULTS: Between 2005-2013, six patients underwent resection with reconstruction. Half were female, and the mean age at presentation was 57 ± 15.4 years. Three patients required en bloc resection with adjacent organs. Three patients were resected on venovenous bypass, and one on cardiopulmonary bypass. Three underwent IVC patch repair (bovine pericardium, n = 2; saphenous vein, n = 1), and three had IVC reconstruction with graft (Dacron, n = 1; PTFE, n = 1; aortic homograft, n = 1). All achieved grossly negative margins. Median disease-free survival was 34 months (IQR 7-52 months), and median disease-specific survival was 51 months (IQR 20-108). Five year disease-free and disease-specific survival rates were 30% and 66.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Leiomyosarcomas of the IVC present a technical challenge to the surgeon. Careful preoperative workup and a collaborative team consisting of experienced cardiac and vascular surgeons and surgical oncologists can allow for a safe and successful operation despite extensive tumor involvement.