The first nonrelativistic lower bound to the ground state of the lithium atom is give with E 0 > −7.47816 au using the method of variance minimization and an extension of Temple's formula. With large Hylleraas–CI basis sets, high‐precision upper bounds and isotope shifts are calculated for the three lowest 2 S states of the lithium atom, which are best to date.
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Lüchow et al. (1994) studied this question.
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