What question did this study set out to answer?

To develop and evaluate an open citation validation tool that verifies bibliographic entries against public scholarly databases using deterministic and AI-assisted checks.

August 15, 2026Open Access

Citation Validator

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To develop and evaluate an open citation validation tool that verifies bibliographic entries against public scholarly databases using deterministic and AI-assisted checks.
Built a deterministic pipeline that resolves DOIs and compares bibliographic metadata—including titles, authors, and years—against CrossRef, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, and arXiv.
Integrated an optional second-pass AI evaluation layer designed exclusively to inspect references that remain unresolved after deterministic matching.
Tested verification workflows against standardized benchmarks, integrating datasets from CiteAudit and external reference logs.
The tool successfully verifies academic citations against major open databases while separating unverified entries from confirmed fabrications.
Deterministic matching effectively filters standard reference formats, restricting computational AI review strictly to ambiguous citations.

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Implication

Software evaluation demonstrates automated reference validation across scholarly databases and tiered AI review, highlighting improved bibliographic accuracy without false fraud flags.

Cite This Study

Michael Todd Edwards (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a80194675c2e31742c855c1 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21911148

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Implication

Software evaluation demonstrates automated reference validation across scholarly databases and tiered AI review, highlighting improved bibliographic accuracy without false fraud flags.

Citation Validator

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Citation Validator

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