Risk factors for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: a multivariate logistic regression analysis in a less-developed province in south-central China, 2012–2022

To explore risk factors for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Data were obtained from the Maternal Near-Miss Surveillance System in Hunan Province, China, 2012–2022. Multivariate logistic regression analysis (method: Enter, α = 0.05) and odds ratios (ORs) were used to identify risk factors for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. This study included a total of 780,359 pregnant women, of whom 15,889 were diagnosed with gestational hypertension and 17,782 with preeclampsia. The prevalence of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia was 2.04% (95%CI: 2.00-2.07) and 2.28% (95%CI: 2.25–2.31), respectively. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed risk factors for gestational hypertension: advanced age (≥ 35) (OR = 2.19, 95%CI: 2.09–2.30), nulliparity (OR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.54–1.67), cesarean section history (OR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.09–1.20), multi-fetal pregnancy (OR = 2.32, 95%CI: 2.16–2.49), gestational diabetes (OR = 1.91, 95%CI: 1.84–1.99), and kidney disease (OR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.62–2.47); Risk factors for preeclampsia: advanced age (≥ 35) (OR = 2.42, 95%CI: 2.32–2.53), primary school and below (OR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.12–1.37), nulliparity (OR = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.76–1.90), cesarean section history (OR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.25–1.37), multi-fetal pregnancy (OR = 5.81, 95%CI: 5.52–6.12), gestational diabetes (OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.75–1.89), and kidney disease (OR = 4.17, 95%CI: 3.56–4.88). We have identified several risk factors for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, which may be of value for targeted interventions and further research.