Upcycled coconut protein as a sustainable ingredient for a novel hybrid plant-based milk alternative with chickpea protein

Coconut protein concentrate (CPC) is an upcycled product from coconut skim milk, an underutilised waste generated from virgin coconut oil (VCO) processing. This study optimised the formulation of a novel hybrid plant-based milk alternative (hPBMA) using CPC and chickpea protein (ChP). Optimisation experiments using mixture design were carried out to determine the best combination of CPC and ChP with acceptable sensory and colour properties comparable to those of cow’s milk. Proximate composition, sensory properties, safety, and quality during storage of the optimal sample were evaluated. Variations in CPC and ChP levels significantly affected flavour acceptability, colour properties, and total soluble solids of the resulting hPBMA. The optimal hPBMA (34% CPC: 66% ChP) contained 2.47 g protein/100 g and was characterized by soy milk-like and coconut aroma notes. It was stable for less than 2 months under refrigerated conditions. These findings highlight CPC’s potential application in sustainable plant-based milk alternatives.