Bridging the efficiency gap in the dual transition of higher education through digital maturity and strategic governance

Purpose This paper investigates the strategic alignment between digital transformation and environmental sustainability in higher education institutions. Addressing the “siloed” management of these domains, this paper aims to determine whether digitalization is governed merely as an operational tool for control or as a systemic catalyst for closing the “efficiency gap” between institutional intent and environmental performance. Design/methodology/approach Adopting a qualitative multiple case study approach, this research uses a purposive maximum variation sampling strategy to analyze the strategic plans (2020–2030) of four Spanish universities with distinct institutional logics. A thematic content analysis was conducted using a hybrid deductive-inductive coding matrix, ensuring that theoretical grounding in quality assurance and financial sustainability is enriched by empirical discovery. Findings The analysis identifies a Governance Maturity Taxonomy composed of four stages (Differentiation, Control, Integration and Optimization). Findings reveal that digital maturity reduces information asymmetry but is, on its own, insufficient to guarantee ecological impact. Genuine “Optimized Efficiency” emerges only when digital tools are coupled with the “human-in-the-loop” – characterized by participatory leadership and community involvement – which acts as the decisive mediator required to overcome this structural misalignment. Originality/value This study looks beyond isolated technical metrics by positioning digital transformation as the institutional “nervous system” that supports a sustainable and resilient campus. It aspires to serve as a strategic compass, helping university leaders move from fragmented operational control toward a more integrated, data-driven stewardship. By harmonizing technological progress with environmental care, higher education institutions can more naturally fulfill their role as living laboratories for SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), illustrating how institutional excellence can be redefined as a compassionate and purposeful response to the planetary crisis.