Study on the mechanism of visual focus on architectural facades based on the IKN saliency-model

Research on building facade visual focal points has entered a quantitative stage, yet the mechanism under the synergistic influence of multi-dimensional visual features remains unexplored. Using 63 ancestral temples in Zhiying town, this study identifies three typical Wuzhou facades. Combining the IKN saliency model and ElasticNet regression, it reveals how color, texture, and position affect visual focal points. Results show: (1) Visual focal points are influenced by the interaction of color, texture, and position, regulated by facade type and materials; (2) Visual focal points exhibit synergistic characteristics, classified into intra-dimensional contrast type, multi-dimensional synergy enhancement type, and dominant-dimension yielding type;, Reflecting the visual attraction logic of local feature variation, cross-dimensional feature synergy, and dominant-dimension yielding, respectively. (3) Facade types affect both overall style and local visual features, where facade element variations depend on position and detailing. This study proposes an attribution method for wuzhou facade saliency, supporting architectural conservation.