Key result
Type 1 cardiorenal syndrome is linked to ~2-fold higher depressive symptoms vs. HF alone.
Why the study?
Cardiorenal syndrome worsens the clinical course of cardiovascular disease, with frequently impaired cognitive and psychological aspects, prompting a comparison with heart failure alone.
Does type 1 cardiorenal syndrome worsen cognitive, emotional, and quality of life parameters compared to heart failure alone in adults aged 45-85?
Observational (n=30)
No
Does type 1 cardiorenal syndrome worsen cognitive, emotional, and quality of life parameters compared to heart failure alone in adults aged 45-85?
Absolute Event Rate: 11.33% vs 5.4%
p-value: p=0.0384
Patients with type 1 cardiorenal syndrome experience significantly higher depressive symptoms compared to those with heart failure alone, highlighting the need for integrated psychological support.
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) affect the heart and blood vessels. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) highlights the interaction between the heart and kidneys, worsening the clinical course. Assessing renal function is essential for risk stratification and guiding therapeutic decisions. Furthermore, cognitive and psychological aspects are often impaired in these patients. Aim: To compare clinical, cognitive, emotional, and quality of life parameters between patients with CRS and those with heart failure (HF) alone, and to assess the agreement between estimated glomerular filtration rate equations (Cockcroft–Gault and CKD-EPI). Methods: This observational study was conducted at the Cardiology Unit of the IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo “Piemonte” Hospital (Messina, Italy) between June 2024 and March 2025. Thirty participants aged 45–85 years were enrolled: 15 with type 1 cardiorenal syndrome (CRS group) and 15 with heart failure without cardiorenal syndrome (HF group). All participants had a confirmed diagnosis and provided informed consent. Clinical evaluation and standardized tests (MoCA, BDI-II, BAI, and SF-12v2) were administered. Statistical analyses were performed using t-tests, chi-square tests, and Bland–Altman analysis, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The two groups were comparable in body mass index and left ventricular ejection fraction. CRS patients had significantly higher serum creatinine and lower GFR with both equations. The two GFR equations were strongly correlated (r = 0.94; p < 0.0001). Bland–Altman analysis showed a mean difference of 5.80 mL/min (95% limits of agreement: –12.4 to +24.0 mL/min), indicating wide individual variability. No significant differences were found in cognitive performance or quality of life. However, CRS patients exhibited significantly higher depressive symptoms (BDI-II mean 11.33 ± 8.19 vs. 5.40 ± 6.68; p = 0.0384) and a trend toward higher anxiety (BAI mean 8.13 ± 4.73 vs. 4.67 ± 5.79; p = 0.0834). Conclusions: A multidisciplinary approach, including psychological support, is necessary for patients with CRS.
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A 2025 study conducted an observational in Cardiorenal syndrome and Heart failure (n=30). Type 1 cardiorenal syndrome vs. Heart failure without cardiorenal syndrome was evaluated on Depressive symptoms (BDI-II score) (p=0.0384). Type 1 cardiorenal syndrome was associated with significantly higher depressive symptoms compared to heart failure alone (BDI-II mean 11.33 vs. 5.40; p=0.0384).
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