A 3-D Non-Stationary Wideband Geometry-Based Channel Model for MIMO Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications in Tunnel Environments

In this paper, we present a three-dimensional (3-D) wideband geometry-based channel model for multiple-input and multiple-output vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication in tunnel environments. We introduce a two-cylinder model to describe moving vehicles, as well as multiple confocal semi-ellipsoid models to depict internal surfaces of tunnel walls. The received signal is constructed as a sum of direct line-of-sight propagations, rays with single and double interactions. The movement between the mobile transmitter and mobile receiver results in time-varying geometric statistics that make our channel model non-stationary. Using this channel model, the proposed channel characteristics are studied for different V2V scenarios. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed 3-D non-wide-sense stationary (WSS) wideband channel model is practical for characterizing real V2V channels.