Key result
A 54-year-old female without comorbidities developed progressive pulmonary fibrosis following swine flu infection, ultimately requiring a bilateral lung transplant.
Why the study?
Although most swine flu patients recover fully from acute respiratory distress syndrome, few develop residual fibrosis, and progressive pulmonary fibrosis requiring lung transplantation is poorly described.
Case Report (n=1)
Highlights a rare case of progressive pulmonary fibrosis requiring bilateral lung transplant as a severe sequela of swine flu infection.
Nonresolving post-H1N1 fibrosis may warrant transplant evaluation even without comorbidities; leaves open incidence and predictors.
Novel influenza A (H1N1) virus also known as swine flu results from the combination of genetic elements from swine, human, and avian viruses. During the 2009 swine flu pandemic, millions of people got infected with swine flu. Between April 2009 and April 2010, a large number of deaths were reported. The virus is antigenetically distinct from seasonal influenza infection and is usually sensitive to oseltamivir. In recent years, sporadic cases of swine flu have been reported globally. There has been spurt in swine flu cases in India in recent years. Although a large number of swine flu patients present with acute respiratory distress syndrome, majority of these patients show complete recovery without leaving any residual illness. Few cases show residual fibrosis on high-resolution computed tomography after recovery. Even with high degree suspicion, clinical diagnosis is difficult. Confirmatory laboratory tests are essential for definitive diagnosis. We report a case of a 54-year-old female without any comorbidities who developed progressive pulmonary fibrosis and she required bilateral lung transplant.
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Chandanwale et al. (2025) conducted a case report in Swine flu (H1N1) with progressive pulmonary fibrosis (n=1). Swine flu (H1N1) infection was evaluated on Progressive pulmonary fibrosis requiring bilateral lung transplant. A 54-year-old female without comorbidities developed progressive pulmonary fibrosis following swine flu infection, ultimately requiring a bilateral lung transplant.
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