Levels Versions of the Rotterdam Demand Model and Incorporation of Demographic, Stock and Other Nonprice, Nonincome variables

Nonprice, nonincome variables are incorporated into a levels version of the Rotterdam model through scaling, translation, combined scaling‐translation and an approach suggested by Theil. In a study of advertising effects on grapefruit and other juice demands, the combined scaling‐translation specification is accepted against an unrestricted specification, while the other specifications are rejected.