Key result
China's age-standardized IHD mortality rose ~18% from 1990 to 2021, contrasting with global declines.
Why the study?
Ischemic heart disease endangers human health, but relatively few comparative studies have evaluated its epidemiological characteristics between China and the world.
Observational
The burden of ischemic heart disease in China has increased significantly from 1990 to 2021, surpassing global averages, highlighting the need for targeted preventive measures.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
China's excess IHD rise versus global may support targeted prevention; leaves open the drivers and reversal potential.
BACKGROUND: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major disease that endangers human health. There are relatively few comparative studies on the epidemiological characteristics of IHD. AIMS: This study aimed to compare and analyze the incidence, prevalence and mortality of IHD in China and the world from 1990 to 2021, predict its change trend from 2022 to 2036, and provide a basis for effective prevention and control of IHD. METHODS: Data on IHD in China and the world, encompassing age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Joinpoint regression model was employed to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC). The projected data for 2022-2036 were derived through calculations using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2021, the growth rates of China's ASIR, ASPR, and ASMR of IHD were 15.97%, 20.42%, and 17.81% respectively, with annual percentage changes of 0.49%, 0.60%, and 0.49%, all higher than global levels; the annual change rates of incidence, prevalence, and mortality were 3.17%, 3.23%, and 3.54% respectively, also exceeding the world 1.00%, 1.38%, and 0.43%. In 1990, globally and in China, male incidence, prevalence, and mortality of IHD were generally higher than those of females, except that Chinese female mortality was lower; males had higher mortality but lower prevalence and related annual percentage changes, with the disease burden peaking in people aged 80 years and above. Over the next 15 years, the world and Chinese ASMR of IHD is projected to decline, while the male ASIR and ASPR will decrease, and those of females will increase. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of IHD and the increase rate in China was higher than global figures. Although ASMR for IHD in China and the world will decline over the next 15 years, IHD remains a public health issue that requires ongoing attention.To reduce the burden of IHD, targeted preventive measures and relevant knowledge popularization should be adopted for populations of different genders and ages.
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A 2025 study conducted an observational in Ischemic heart disease. Time period (1990-2021) vs. 1990 baseline was evaluated on Age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of IHD in China (per 100,000) (AAPC 0.49%, 95% CI 0.23-0.75, p=<0.001). Between 1990 and 2021, the age-standardized mortality rate of ischemic heart disease in China increased by 17.81% (AAPC 0.49%), contrasting with a global decline.
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