Highlights the potential and available methods for early, noninvasive cardiac output monitoring in hemodynamically compromised patients outside traditional ICU settings.
May enable earlier hemodynamic assessment outside the ICU; leaves open the need for prospective validation before adoption.
Although cardiac output (CO) monitoring is usually only used in intensive care units (ICUs) and operating rooms, there is increasing evidence that CO should be determined and optimized as early as possible, even before admission to the ICU, in the care of hemodynamically compromised patients. A variety of different minimally or noninvasive CO determination techniques have been developed, but not all of them are suitable for early hemodynamic monitoring outside the ICU. In this review, the different available methods for CO monitoring are presented and their potential for early hemodynamic assessment is discussed.
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Compton et al. (2009) studied this question.
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