Key result
Low serum albumin (PR 2.08), cardiovascular disease, and admission later in the week were significantly associated with delayed hip fracture surgery in older adults.
Why the study?
Early surgical intervention for hip fractures improves outcomes, but information on determinants of delayed surgery in the context of recent Japanese reimbursement incentives remains limited.
Cohort (n=1,209)
Yes
Relative Risk: 2.08 (95% CI 1.8–2.4)
p-value: p=<0.01
Patient comorbidities, poor nutritional status, and hospital admission timing significantly contribute to delayed surgical intervention for hip fractures in older adults, despite reimbursement incentives.
May flag high-risk patients for hip fracture surgery delays; leaves open whether targeted interventions improve timing in prospective studies.
BACKGROUND: Hip fractures represent a significant public health issue in an aging society. Early surgical intervention for hip fractures in older adults is associated with fewer complications and higher survival rates, and recent reimbursement incentives in Japan have aimed to encourage surgery within 48 h of injury. However, information on the determinants of delayed surgery, including reimbursement incentives, remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the number of days from admission to surgery and identify factors associated with delayed surgery using data from two acute care hospitals in Japan. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from 1,209 patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent hip fracture surgery at two hospitals in Japan between April 2021 and March 2024. Patient- and healthcare system-related factors were compared between patients who underwent surgery within 2 days of admission (E group) and those who underwent surgery at later times (L group). Poisson regression was used to identify independent factors associated with delayed surgery. RESULTS: In total, 56% of patients underwent surgery within 2 days of admission. Multivariable analysis identified age ≥ 85 years (prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.81) and trochanteric fracture (PR = 0.81) as factors that reduced the prevalence of delayed surgery. Conversely, diabetes (PR = 1.18); cardiovascular disease (PR = 1.19); low serum albumin levels (PR = 2.08); admission in the pandemic period (PR = 1.26), university hospital (PR = 1.24); and admission on Thursday (PR = 1.69), Friday (PR = 2.99), or Saturday (PR = 2.60) were associated with delayed surgery. The in-hospital mortality rate was approximately 2%, with no significant difference observed between the E and L groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both patient- and healthcare system–related factors were associated with delayed surgery for hip fractures in older adults. Although a reimbursement incentive has been introduced to promote early surgery, real-world challenges, including preoperative risk factors and hospital resources, continue to affect surgical timing. These findings could help inform strategies to enhance timely surgical care for older patients with hip fractures in aging societies.
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Ji et al. (2025) conducted a cohort in Hip fractures (n=1,209). Low serum albumin (< 3.5 g/dL) vs. Serum albumin ≥ 3.5 g/dL was evaluated on Delayed surgery (≥ 3 days after admission) (PR 2.08, 95% CI 1.80-2.40, p=<0.01). Low serum albumin (PR 2.08), cardiovascular disease, and admission later in the week were significantly associated with delayed hip fracture surgery in older adults.
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