A suitable equation for describing overland flow and the values for parameters of hydraulic resistance are required in surface irrigation models. The approaches to describe the flows and to estimate hydraulic resistance parameters in the past varied from simple empirical studies to complex semiempirical and theoretical studies. The Manning equation and Manning n are widely used for shallow flows in surface irrigation although their suitability for such flows is questionable. In this article the various flow equations are reviewed for their suitability to surface irrigation flows. It is revealed that there are only a few equations which are relevant to these flows. A need for a dependable method of estimating the hydraulic resistance parameters in surface irrigation is highlighted.
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Basant Maheshwari (1992) studied this question.
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