The theory of a rough crack model for nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete is presented. The model accounts for shear dilation, degradation under cyclic loading, and other effects. The smeared crack approach is used in the derivation, but the model could also be used for discrete cracks. The concept, theory, and computational procedure are described, and examples are presented.
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Riggs et al. (1986) studied this question.
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