Interventional study reveals baseline eating habits dictate glycemic response to low-carbohydrate diets in children with type 1 diabetes, indicating personalized nutrition is necessary.
Key Points
To determine how baseline nutritional patterns influence glycemic control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus following 30% or 50% carbohydrate dietary interventions.
Evaluated baseline dietary habits using a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ-6) in 30 pediatric participants (16 boys, 14 girls aged 10–17 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Administered two consecutive 3-day nutritional plans containing either 30% or 50% carbohydrate content, assessing glycemic outcomes using continuous glucose monitoring (n=23 met data quality criteria).
Machine learning models predicted glycemic responses to dietary shifts with 95.65% training accuracy and 81.67% V-fold cross-validation accuracy based on baseline eating patterns.
Participants consuming frequent vegetables or grains (>4 times/day), wheat (>once/day), lower fat (<1.5 times/day), and fruit juice achieved better glycemic control on a 30% carbohydrate diet, whereas patients with contrasting habits experienced worsened control.
A 50% carbohydrate diet was safe for all evaluated patients without compromising glycemic control.