A Novel Mobile Phone Application for Pulse Pressure Variation Monitoring Based on Feature Extraction Technology: A Method Comparison Study in a Simulated Environment

Simulated arterial waveforms generated by a physiologic simulator with randomly generated pulse pressure variation values (2% to 24%), pulse pressures (30, 45, and 60 mm Hg), heart rates (60-80 bpm), and respiratory rates (10-15 breaths/min).

Capstesia smartphone application (PPVapp) calculating pulse pressure variation from digital pictures of arterial pressure waveforms.

Standard manual determination of pulse pressure variation (PPVman).

Accuracy and reproducibility of PPV generated with the smartphone application compared against manual determination (assessed via measurement error, bias, and limits of agreement).surrogate