Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
A structure is proposed for the mass matrices of the quarks and leptons that arises in a natural way from the assumption that the breaking of SO(10) gauge symmetry is achieved by the smallest possible set of vacuum expectation values. This structure explains well many features of the observed spectrum of quarks and leptons. It reproduces the Georgi-Jarlskog mass relations and leads to a charm quark mass in reasonable agreement with data. It also predicts a large mixing angle between ν_μ and ν_τ, as suggested by atmospheric neutrino data. The mixing angles of the electron neutrino are predicted to be small.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Albright et al. (1998) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: