Population
122 children who had epicardial pacemakers implanted between 1971 and 2001, median age 5.4 years.
Design
Cohort
Follow-up
total follow-up of 789 patient-years
Authors
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Median sternotomy may raise reintervention risk after pediatric epicardial pacing; leaves open optimal surgical approach.
Epicardial pacing is a reliable method for permanent pacing in children with low mortality, though frequent reinterventions are required within five years, especially when implanted via median sternotomy.
Noiseux et al. (2004) studied this question.