Four different erbium laser crystals, two YAG:Er (40 at. %) and two YAlO3:Er (30 at. % and 50 at. %), have been compared with respect to their laser thresholds and slope efficiencies. The performance of these laser crystals was further compared with a YSGG:Cr:Er (Y3Sc2Ga3O12) (3.6 at. % Cr3+ and 4 at. % Er3+). The experimental results are explained with up-conversion processes in the crystals.
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Wüthrich et al. (1990) studied this question.
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