Why the study?
Cardiovascular diseases present differently among sexes, and imaging of carotid and coronary atherosclerotic plaques may help clarify sex-specific qualitative and quantitative plaque features to improve cardiovascular risk assessment.
Non-invasive imaging techniques such as CT-angiography and MRI-angiography can identify sex-specific qualitative and quantitative features of coronary and carotid atherosclerotic plaques to improve cardiovascular risk stratification.
May support sex-specific plaque assessment in risk models; leaves open need for prospective outcome trials.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, present epidemiologically in a different way among sexes. The reasons of these sex-based differences should be delved into sex-specific cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and different mechanisms of atherosclerotic progression. Imaging techniques of both carotid and coronary atherosclerotic plaques represent a tool to demonstrate sex-related features which might be used to further and better assess CV risk of male and female population. The aim of this review is to evaluate current knowledge on sex-specific qualitative and quantitative plaque features of coronary and carotid atherosclerosis. We also discuss the clinical implication of a sex-based plaque phenotype, evaluated with non-invasive imaging techniques, such as CT-angiography and MRI-angiography, to stratify CV risk.
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Onnis et al. (2022) studied this question.
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