Key result
Comorbidity in H-type hypertension is linked to ~93% lower odds of poor self-management.
Why the study?
Self-management is an effective secondary prevention strategy for H-type hypertension, but research on self-management behaviors in these patients remains limited and has mostly used a variable-centered approach.
Cross-Sectional (n=310)
No
Patients with H-type hypertension exhibit moderate overall self-management behaviors that segregate into four distinct behavioral profiles, which are significantly associated with comorbidity, eHealth literacy, and social support.
Heterogeneous self-management in H-type hypertension merits targeted assessment; leaves open whether profile-guided interventions improve outcomes.
Background H-type hypertension confers a substantially greater risk of stroke than elevated blood pressure or homocysteine alone. Beyond stroke, hyperhomocysteinemia is implicated in endothelial dysfunction, vascular oxidative stress, arterial stiffening, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and progression of chronic kidney disease. Self-management is an effective secondary prevention strategy for H-type hypertension, yet research on self-management behaviors in these patients remains limited and has mostly adopted a variable-centered approach. Objective The study aimed to explore the current status and latent profiles of self-management behaviors among patients with H-type hypertension, and to examine the factors associated with profile membership within the health ecological model. Method Convenience sampling was used to recruit 310 patients from a tertiary hospital in eastern China. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire and standardized instruments assessing hypertension self-management behaviors, eHealth literacy, perceived social support, perceived stress, hospital anxiety and depression, and resilience. Mplus 8.3 and SPSS 26.0 were used to identify latent profiles and the correlates of profile membership. Results The mean standardized self-management behavior score was 67.34 ± 13.82. Four latent profiles of self-management behaviors were identified: Low self-management pattern (18.4%), Moderate self-management-treatment monitoring pattern (21.0%), Moderate self-management-lifestyle pattern (19.0%), and High self-management pattern (41.6%). Profile membership was significantly associated with the presence of comorbidity, eHealth literacy, and social support. Conclusions Self-management behaviors among patients with H-type hypertension were at a moderate level and showed substantial heterogeneity, with four distinct profiles. Individualized strategies tailored to the characteristics of each profile, targeting potentially modifiable correlates such as eHealth literacy and perceived social support, may be worth developing and evaluating prospectively in order to enhance patients’ self-management behaviors.
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Ma et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in H-type hypertension (n=310). Presence of comorbidity (alongside eHealth literacy and perceived social support) vs. Absence of comorbidity (and High self-management profile reference) was evaluated on Classification into Low self-management pattern (C1) versus High self-management pattern (C4) based on the 33-item Self-Management Behavior Rating Scale (OR 0.067, 95% CI 0.005-0.889, p=0.041). Patients with H-type hypertension exhibited moderate self-management (mean score 67.34±13.82) across four latent profiles (18.4% low, 41.6% high), with comorbidity lowering odds of low self-management (OR 0.067).
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