A Phase Angle-Modulated Bat Algorithm with Application to Antenna Topology Optimization

This paper proposes a phase angle-modulated bat algorithm (P-AMBA) for high-dimensional binary optimization. The idea was to reduce the optimization time by introducing angle modulation technology to reduce the optimization dimensions. Different from the original angle-modulated bat algorithm (AMBA), the control of the trigonometric generating function cosine wave is by introducing new parameters, thereby improving the perturbation ability of the function curve near the x-axis. P-AMBA can explore more 0/1 solutions, and it has advantages in optimizing convergence speed and global search capabilities. The numerical results of the 0–1 knapsack problem tests show that P-AMBA is superior to the contrast algorithms on optimization ability and optimization time. Finally, the experimental result of a compact dual-band planar monopole antenna design showed the effectiveness of P-AMBA in engineering applications.