A refractive-index grating is embedded in the bottom of the TiO2 absorption layer of a dye-sensitized solar cell via imprinting and subsequent TiCl4 treatment. This architecture has little influence on the dye coverage but greatly enhances light harvesting and photon-to-electron conversion efficiency by diffracting the incident light. A 24% increase in the photocurrent density is achieved.
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Lee et al. (2013) studied this question.
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