Ayurvedic Approach to Toxicology: Revisiting Vishachikitsa for Contemporary Poison Management - An Agada Tantra Perspective

Background: Agada Tantra, one of the eight classical branches of Ayurveda (Ashtanga Ayurveda), deals with toxicology and the management of poisons. Ancient Ayurvedic scholars described comprehensive principles regarding Visha (poison), its classification, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment modalities. In the present era, increasing exposure to environmental pollutants, pesticides, industrial chemicals, venomous bites, food adulterants, and drug toxicity has intensified the global burden of poisoning. Revisiting the principles of Vishachikitsa may provide valuable insights for integrative poison management. Objective: To critically review the principles of Agada Tantra and evaluate the relevance of Vishachikitsa in contemporary poison management. Methods: A comprehensive literary review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, and specialized Agada Tantra references. Contemporary toxicological literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, AYUSH databases, and peer-reviewed journals was also reviewed. Results: Agada Tantra provides systematic descriptions of different poisons including Sthavara, Jangama, and Kritrima Visha. Ayurvedic management includes Nidana Parivarjana, Shodhana, Agada administration, symptomatic treatment, Rasayana therapy, and preventive measures. Several medicinal plants described in Ayurveda demonstrate scientifically validated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antimicrobial, and anti-venom activities. Conclusion: The principles of Vishachikitsa described in Agada Tantra remain highly relevant in modern toxicology. Integrative approaches combining Ayurvedic toxicological wisdom with contemporary emergency medicine may offer effective and holistic poison management strategies.