Covalent immobilization of amyloglucosidase on magnetic-silver nanoparticles for rapid and reusable saccharification of cassava peel

for the free enzyme, attributed to favourable active-site orientation and the physicochemical properties of the Ag-MNP hybrid support. Chromatographic analysis confirmed glucose as the dominant hydrolysate product at 90.26%. The biocatalyst retained 54% of its initial activity after seven operational cycles at pH 5.0 and 65 °C. No inhibitory byproducts were detected under the conditions tested, supporting its potential as a reusable biocatalyst for generating fermentable sugars for bioethanol production.