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August 16, 2026Drug Delivery and Translational ResearchOpen Access

Repositioning pentoxifylline via inhalable novasomes for pulmonary fibrosis: from statistical optimization to in-vivo evaluation

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Authors

MAMohamed Mahmoud AliNSNesma Ahmed ShihaRSRaguia Aly Shoukri

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Overview

Preclinical study demonstrates that inhalable pentoxifylline novasomes suppress lung injury in bleomycin-induced fibrosis rats, suggesting a targeted strategy for pulmonary prophylaxis.

Key Points

  • To formulate and optimize inhalable pentoxifylline-loaded novasomes to enhance pulmonary drug deposition and therapeutic efficacy against pulmonary fibrosis.
  • Formulated pentoxifylline-loaded novasomes using an ethanol injection technique optimized via central composite design, characterizing vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro release, and aerodynamic behavior using an Andersen Cascade Impactor.
  • Evaluated in-vivo therapeutic efficacy by measuring inflammatory biomarkers, fibrotic markers, and histological fibrosis scoring with Masson's trichrome stain in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis rat model.
  • Optimized novasomes exhibited a spherical nanosize of 239.80 nm, drug encapsulation efficiency of 59.22%, a biphasic release profile, a fine particle fraction of 43.819%, and a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 1.612 μm.
  • Inhaled pentoxifylline novasomes produced a marked reduction in inflammatory and fibrotic biomarkers and lung fibrosis scores, outperforming conventional oral administration.

Cite This Study

Ali et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a81799af2fb91fc834acd4ahttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-026-02200-y
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