Research on Frequency Stabilization Control Strategy for Super Capacitor-Assisted Generator Sets

The increasing penetration of inverter-based renewable energy resources has substantially reduced the inherent rotational inertia of modern power systems, posing significant challenges to frequency stability and reliable electromagnetic energy transmission. To address the limitations of traditional synchronous generators in coping with rapid load disturbances, this study proposes a frequency stabilization control strategy for a hybrid system integrating a synchronous generator and a supercapacitor energy storage unit. By exploiting the high power density and millisecond-level response characteristics of supercapacitors, an adaptive virtual inertia and damping coordination (AVIDC) strategy based on fuzzy logic is developed to dynamically regulate the virtual inertia and damping coefficients in real time. Compared with conventional virtual synchronous generator methods employing fixed parameters, the proposed approach effectively suppresses the Rate of Change of Frequency during the initial disturbance stage while improving frequency recovery performance and reducing the frequency nadir. A small-signal stability model of the supercapacitor-assisted generator set is established, and stability boundaries are investigated through root locus analysis. Comprehensive simulations under step load variations and stochastic renewable power fluctuations demonstrate that the proposed strategy reduces the maximum Rate of Change of Frequency by approximately 69% and significantly improves frequency nadir performance compared with conventional primary frequency control. The proposed method provides an effective framework for enhancing the resilience of low-inertia microgrids and offers valuable support for stable electromagnetic energy conversion, power transmission, and intelligent energy management in next-generation power systems.