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August 16, 2026International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management

Mapping the landscape of critical failure factors in Lean Six Sigma 4.0 implementation: an ISM–DEMATEL approach

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Authors

GCG. CitybabuSYS. Yamini

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Overview

Expert modeling study identifies key failure factors in Lean Six Sigma 4.0 implementation, revealing top management commitment as the primary driver of adoption success.

Key Points

  • To identify, structure, and analyze the intricate relationships and hierarchies among critical failure factors impeding Lean Six Sigma 4.0 adoption.
  • Extracted 35 failure factors from literature and conducted expert surveys to determine 15 critical failure factors (CFFs).
  • Applied an integrated interpretive structural modeling (ISM), MICMAC analysis, and DEMATEL framework to map hierarchical interactions and cause-and-effect relationships.
  • Ranked 'lack of top management commitment and support' as the most significant driving factor obstructing Lean Six Sigma 4.0 adoption.
  • Categorized critical failure factors across four structural levels: top management issues, organizational strategy alignment, readiness, and implementation challenges.
  • Delineated factors into cause and effect groups through DEMATEL while evaluating driving and dependence power via MICMAC analysis.

Cite This Study

Citybabu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8179abf2fb91fc834acf37https://doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-09-2025-0958
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