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August 16, 2026Journal of Industrial Relations

A multidimensional analysis of labour violations in West Africa

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Authors

TDThierno Malick DialloUniversité Gaston BergerLRLucas RonconiConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

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Implication

Longitudinal analysis reveals high and persistent multidimensional labor violations among employees in West Africa, highlighting structural workplace deprivation.

Key Points

  • To measure the extent, dimensions, and temporal persistence of labor regulation violations across West African countries.
  • Constructed a multidimensional labor violation index covering minimum wage, leave benefits, and social security.
  • Analyzed individual-level longitudinal data from 2019 to 2022 across eight West African countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo.
  • Three out of four employees (approximately 75%) in the region are multiply deprived across the evaluated labor regulations.
  • Labor violation status is highly persistent across time, with only 21.5% of employees changing violation status over the three-year tracking period.

Cite This Study

Diallo et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8179bcf2fb91fc834ad15bhttps://doi.org/10.1177/00221856261477812
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