Review outlines multiband antenna architectures from sub-1 GHz to millimeter-wave in smartphones, indicating design paths for future 6G mobile devices.
The rapid development of wireless communication systems has increased the complexity of smartphone antenna design. Modern terminals are required to simultaneously support Sub-1 GHz cellular bands, 5G New Radio (NR), millimeter-wave communication, satellite links, and emerging sensing services within limited physical space. As a result, multiband operation has become a central challenge for mobile terminals. This paper reviews the recent research advances in multiband smartphone antennas, organized according to the evolution from single-antenna to multi-antenna architectures and including both Sub-6 GHz and millimeter-wave applications. Single-antenna Sub-3 GHz techniques, multiband multi-antenna systems, dual-band millimeter-wave antennas, and integrated Sub-6 GHz/millimeter-wave architectures are systematically summarized. The key technologies, including multi-mode cooperation, characteristic-mode design, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) decoupling, and shared-aperture integration, are discussed. The emerging B5G/6G-oriented technologies are also highlighted. This review provides an overview of current design strategies and future trends for next-generation multiband smartphone antennas.
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