A Protocol for In Vitro Propagation of Dorema Species (Apiaceae) through Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis

<ns5:p> This study describes tissue culture protocols for plantlet regeneration through indirect somatic embryogenesis and indirect organogenesis of <ns5:italic>Dorema microcarpum</ns5:italic> Korov. and <ns5:italic>Dorema sabulosum</ns5:italic> Litv. (Apiaceae) for the first time. The highest percentage of callusogenesis (90%) was obtained by using 2,4 -D (0.2 and 0.5 mg/l), followed by 2,4 -D (0.5 mg/l) + TDZ (0.5 mg/l) and 2,4-D (0.5 m g/l) + Kin (0.5 mg/l). Additionally, IAA (0.2 mg/l) + BAP (0.5 mg/l) showed the high percentage of callusogenesis (60–70%) for both <ns5:italic>Dorema</ns5:italic> species. In <ns5:italic>D. microcarpum</ns5:italic> , the highest percentage of callusogenesis was obtained from 2,4-D (0.5 mg/l) + TDZ (0.5 mg/l), while the highest percentage of embryogenesis was achieved with 2,4-D (0.5 mg/l) + Kin (0.5 mg/l). Hypocotyl explants yielded the highest percentage of embryogenesis. For somatic embryo maturation, 2,4-D had to be removed from a nutrient medium. Embryo maturation occurs after the embryo was transferred to a hormone-free medium. For <ns5:italic>D. sabulosum</ns5:italic> , morphogenesis occured through indirectly organogenesis, and the most optimal combination for the process of hemogenesis was IAA (0.5 mg/l) + BAP (1.0 mg/l). <ns5:italic>In vitro</ns5:italic> propagation of <ns5:italic>Dorema</ns5:italic> species in the future will become the basis for continuous year-round propagation of rare, endemic and medicinal species of this genus by biotechnological methods, and will become an alternative to obtaining biologically active compounds of medicinal plants. </ns5:p>