Neonatal staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: a case report

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a rare but potentially life-threatening exfoliative skin condition primarily affecting neonates due to their immature immune systems and limited renal clearance of exfoliative toxins. Prompt recognition and treatment are essential to avoid complications such as sepsis, fluid loss, and secondary infections. We describe a 7-day-old White male late preterm neonate (35 weeks’ gestation) presenting with widespread erythema, flaccid bullae, and superficial desquamation, initially around the umbilicus and rapidly spreading to the trunk and face. A positive Nikolsky sign and skin swab cultures revealing methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus confirmed the diagnosis of SSSS. The patient responded well to intravenous ampicillin and gentamicin, along with supportive care. Complete re-epithelialization occurred by day 8, and he was discharged in stable condition on day 10. This case underscores the importance of early clinical recognition of SSSS in neonates, differentiation from similar dermatological conditions, and implementation of timely antimicrobial and supportive therapy. Multidisciplinary care and close monitoring can lead to rapid recovery and favorable outcomes in this rare but serious condition.