Review examines charging mechanisms and theoretical models in lithium-oxygen batteries, highlighting strategies to reduce high overpotentials and parasitic reactions.
Non-aqueous lithium-oxygen (Li-O 2 ) batteries provide extremely high theoretical energy density but still face challenges such as high charging overpotentials, sluggish kinetics, and unwanted side reactions. This work summarizes the mechanisms of the oxygen evolution reaction and soluble redox mediators (RMs). It further highlights recent advances in charging models, discusses their existing limitations, and outlines prospective research directions.
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Yang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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