Research on Decentralized Optimization of Electric Vehicle Integrated Power System Oriented to Flexibility Enhancement

With the increasing integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into modern smart grids and electromagnetic energy transmission infrastructures, enhancing the coordinated regulation capability of EV-integrated power systems has become essential for maintaining efficient power flow, electromagnetic compatibility, and reliable energy distribution. The rapid growth of charging demand and the uncertainty of users’ charging behavior may lead to line overload, increased line loss, and peak-on-peak phenomena in the power system. Therefore, solving the decentralized optimization problem of EV-integrated power systems has become an urgent task. This paper proposes a decentralized optimization framework for EV-integrated power systems oriented to flexibility enhancement. By analyzing the threefold characteristics of EV clusters, namely “randomness–regularity–flexibility”, a three-level decentralized optimization model consisting of the “power grid layer–aggregator layer–EV user layer” is constructed. Simulation results show that the proposed model reduces the peak-valley difference by 35.2%, decreases charging cost by 28.7%, and improves the flexible regulation response speed to the second level. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed decentralized optimization framework in enhancing system flexibility and provide valuable technical support for intelligent energy management and adaptive resource coordination in advanced electromagnetic and power transmission environments.