Research on Privacy Leakage Defense Mechanism and Ethical Governance Path under Federated Learning Framework

Federated learning, as the core paradigm of distributed machine learning, implements multi-party collaborative modeling with a “data stationary, model dynamic” architecture, providing a technical path for solving the dual dilemma of data silos and privacy protection. However, the distributed nature and parameter interaction mechanism of federated learning pose new privacy leakage risks such as gradient reversal, member inference, and model poisoning. Existing defense mechanisms suffer from imbalanced privacy performance trade-offs, insufficient cross scenario adaptability, and lack of a systematic ethical governance framework.