Theoretical Framework for Greening Air Logistics A Perspective Based on Low-Carbon Technology and Supply Chain Collaboration

Green transformation of air logistics requires coordinated optimization of low-carbon technology deployment and supply-chain collaboration, especially under high-frequency and time-sensitive freight scenarios. This study develops a three-dimensional theoretical and analytical framework consisting of a technology-driven layer, collaborative operation layer, and value objective layer. Sustainable aviation fuel, new-energy ground equipment, carbon-footprint monitoring, information sharing, process integration, and resource collaboration are modeled as interacting system components. Multi-factor variance analysis, system-dynamics simulation, and multi-case comparison are used to test the interaction effect between low-carbon technology and collaboration. Results show that the high-technology and high-collaboration configuration reduces carbon-emission intensity by 43.4% and improves operational efficiency by 41.9% compared with the low-technology and low-collaboration configuration. The proposed framework reveals the dynamic coupling between technology embedding and collaborative operations and provides decision support for low-carbon air logistics, IoT-based carbon monitoring, and sustainable transport-system optimization.