Key result
FMDV VLP vaccines incorporating CD154 significantly enhanced FMDV-specific and neutralizing antibodies, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine secretion in piglets compared to vaccines without CD154.
Why the study?
Foot-and-mouth disease poses major threats to livestock, and safer, more efficient alternatives to traditional inactivated vaccines using virus-like particle platforms are needed.
Does FMDV VLP vaccine with CD154 adjuvant improve immune response in piglets?
Does FMDV VLP vaccine with CD154 adjuvant improve immune response in piglets?
p-value: p=<0.05
May warrant testing CD154-adjuvanted FMDV VLP vaccines in swine; leaves open efficacy and field translation.
Introduction: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease caused by FMDV, resulting in vesicular lesions in cloven-hoofed animals and posing significant economic threats to the livestock industry. VLP vaccines, which lack viral genetic material and are non-infectious, demonstrate superior safety compared to traditional inactivated vaccines. This study employs ADDomer, a novel adenovirus-based VLP framework, to display FMDV antigenic epitopes on the VLP surface. Additionally, FMDV capsid proteins can assemble into VLPs, offering innovative approaches for developing more efficient and safer FMDV vaccines. Methods: -VP0. The other VLP, ADDomer-BBT, fused B-and T-cell epitopes from FMDV O-type VP1 into the ADDomer platform, with porcine CD154 expressed as an immune enhancer. Expression conditions were optimized, and proteins were purified. The VLPs, combined with porcine CD15 molecular adjuvant, were evaluated for immunogenicity in piglets. Results: After purification, both VLPs displayed virus-like structures under electron microscopy. Immunization in piglets induced high levels of FMDV-specific and neutralizing antibodies, enhanced cytokines IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ, and increased lymphocyte proliferation. The CD154-added group showed higher immune responses. Discussion: The VLP vaccines effectively induced strong cellular and humoral immune responses, with CD154 enhancing efficacy. These findings provide insights for developing safer, more effective FMDV vaccines and contribute to advancing livestock health and productivity.
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Li et al. (2025) studied Foot-and-mouth disease (n=30). FMDV VLP vaccines with CD154 adjuvant vs. PBS and commercial vaccine was evaluated on FMDV-specific and neutralizing antibody levels (p=<0.05). FMDV VLP vaccines incorporating CD154 significantly enhanced FMDV-specific and neutralizing antibodies, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine secretion in piglets compared to vaccines without CD154.
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