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Methanol crossover and reaction intermediates are studied in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) by means of 2D and 13C MAS NMR spectroscopy. A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) composed of three polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) layers is used in the DMFC, and the middle PEM film is extracted to perform the NMR measurements (see image).
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Paik et al. (2007) studied this question.
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