Key result
A simple low-sodium diet in hypertensive patients did not significantly reduce urinary iodine excretion (175.0 vs 186.1 µg/24-h; p=NS) while effectively lowering blood pressure and sodium excretion.
Why the study?
Does a low-sodium diet reduce urinary iodine excretion in hypertensive patients?
Observational (n=136)
Does a low-sodium diet reduce urinary iodine excretion in hypertensive patients?
A simple low-sodium diet in hypertensive patients effectively reduces sodium intake and blood pressure without jeopardizing adequate iodine intake.
Low-sodium diets may be used in hypertension without iodine concerns; observational data leaves open need for randomized confirmation.
A low-sodium diet is an essential part of the treatment of hypertension. However, some concerns have been raised with regard to the possible reduction of iodine intake during salt restriction. We obtained 24-h urine collections for the evaluation of iodine (UIE) and sodium excretion (UNaV) from 136 hypertensive patients, before and after 9 ± 1 weeks of a simple low-sodium diet. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and drug consumption (DDD) were recorded. Data are average ± SEM. Age was 63.6 ± 1.09 year. BMI was 25.86 ± 0.40 kg/m2 before the diet and 25.38 ± 0.37 kg/m2 after the diet (p < 0.05). UNaV decreased from 150.3 ± 4.01 mEq/24-h to 122.8 ± 3.92 mEq/24-h (p < 0.001); UIE decreased from 186.1 ± 7.95 µg/24-h to 175.0 ± 7.74 µg/24-h (p = NS); both systolic and diastolic BP values decreased (by 6.15 ± 1.32 mmHg and by 3.75 ± 0.84 mmHg, respectively, p < 0.001); DDD decreased (ΔDDD 0.29 ± 0.06, p < 0.05). UNaV and UIE were related both before (r = 0.246, p = 0.0040) and after the diet (r = 0.238, p = 0.0050). UNaV and UIE were significantly associated both before and after the diet (p < 0.0001 for both). After salt restriction UIE showed a non-significant decrease remaining in an adequate range. Our dietary suggestions were aimed at avoiding preserved foods, whereas the cautious use of table salt was permitted, an approach which seems safe in terms of iodine intake.
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Musso et al. (2018) conducted an observational in Hypertension (n=136). Simple low-sodium diet vs. Baseline (before diet) was evaluated on Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) (p=NS). A simple low-sodium diet in hypertensive patients did not significantly reduce urinary iodine excretion (175.0 vs 186.1 µg/24-h; p=NS) while effectively lowering blood pressure and sodium excretion.
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