Viral myocarditis

FIGURE 1. Imaging mass spectrometry enables the differentiation between parvovirus B19 mRNA-positive and mRNA-negative patients. In-situ tissue typing of endomyocardial biopsies in parvovirus B19-positive cardiomyopathy patients with low cardiac inflammation before (mRNA+) and after telbivudine treatment (mRNA−) via imaging mass spectrometry. (a) Principal component analysis distinguishes the protein signatures of the parvovirus B19 mRNA+ (red) and parvovirus B19 mRNA− patient group (blue). (b) Principal component analysis component I illustrates an increased intensity in distribution in parvovirus B19 mRNA+ versus parvovirus B19 mRNA− patients.

Box 1. no caption available

FIGURE 2. Impact of IFN-ß and IFN-γ on antiviral IL-10 expression of coxsackievirus B3-infected CardAPs. (a) Experimental design illustrating how CardAPs 24 h after plating were infected with coxsackievirus B3 at a multiplication of infection of 5 and 4 h after infection supplemented with/out 100 or 1000 IU/ml of IFN-ß or 4 pg/ml of IFN-γ. Twenty-four hours later, supernatant was collected for subsequent IL-10 analysis via ELISA. (b) Bar graphs represent the mean ± SEM of IL-10 in the supernatant of control CardAPs (open bars) or coxsackievirus B3-infected CardAPs (closed bars) supplemented with/out IFN-ß or IFN-γ, as indicated, with n = 4–6/group and ∗∗P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001 versus respective control group and ##P < 0.01 and ####P < 0.0001 versus the basal coxsackievirus B3 group.

FIGURE 3. Bed-to-bench-to-bed strategy. Analysis of endomyocardial biopsies allows the identification of potential novel biomarkers and therapeutical targets, which are next validated in experimental mouse models. The efficacy of novel drugs will subsequently be tested in clinical Phase I/II trials (translation).