Photothermal-magnetic dual-activated Janus dressing for microenvironment purification and wireless electrically triggered healing with reduced scar formation

Hypertrophic scarring remains a major clinical challenge that impedes functional wound regeneration. Although electrical stimulation (ES) shows great promise in activating endogenous repair pathways and suppressing fibrosis, excessive exudate and bacterial infection in chronic wounds not only exacerbate inflammation but also disrupt interfacial electrical contact, thereby attenuating the efficacy of in situ–generated ES. To address this, we designed an electroactive and antibacterial Janus dressing that integrated active microenvironmental purification with wireless ES, ultimately inhibiting scar formation during wound healing. The dressing featured electroactive cotton gauze with asymmetric wettability, achieved via SiO 2 and AgNPs@poly 5-hydroxytryptamine/polyethyleneimine (AgNPs@PHT/PEI) coatings to form a unidirectional fluidic gate. Enhanced by a near-infrared–driven mild photothermal effect, this design enabled rapid exudate pumping and evaporation while achieving > 99% antibacterial efficacy within 15 min. Leveraging electromagnetic induction, it delivered tunable wireless microcurrents (13.44–43.18 μA) that upregulated endogenous fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) secretion, which contributes to the downregulation of TGF-β1-driven myofibroblast activation, as evidenced by reduced α-SMA expression. This strategy achieved 99.37% closure of large infected full-thickness rat wounds, featuring highly ordered collagen remodeling. Collectively, this study presents an innovative platform for rapid healing and scar inhibition in chronic wounds, holding promise for broader applications in mitigating fibrotic disorders.