Different Aspects of Hydrotherapy in Depression Treatment: A Narrative Review

Therapeutic aspects of water have been recognized since ancient times, with varying levels of interest across historical periods. Its diverse applications are based on the chemical, mechanical, and physical properties of water. While traditionally used for somatic conditions, water-based therapies may also offer benefits for mental health, particularly depression, which is an increasing global concern. The aim of this article is to review the existing literature on the potential benefits of hydrotherapy (focused on the external use of water in its liquid state) in the context of depression. A narrative review of relevant studies was conducted, focusing on the physiological, neuroendocrine, and psychosocial effects of hydrotherapy. The findings suggest that hydrotherapy may improve physical health, which is closely linked to mental well-being. It may exert neurophysiological effects, including modulation of the autonomic nervous system, reduction of stress and anxiety, and hormonal regulation. Additionally, hydrotherapy may alleviate comorbid conditions associated with depression, such as chronic pain and sleep disturbances. Environmental and social factors, including group participation and exposure to natural settings, may further enhance mental health outcomes. In conclusion, hydrotherapy appears to be a promising complementary, non-pharmacological approach in the management of depression; however, further high-quality research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.