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In contrast to a variety of other yeasts, Candida albicans has proved difficult to transform with high efficiency. Lithium acetate transformation is fast and simple but provides a very low efficiency of DNA transfer (50–100 transformants/µg DNA), while spheroplast transformation, although more efficient (∼300 transformants/µg integrative DNA and 103–104 transformants/µg replicative DNA), is complicated and time-consuming. In this study we applied various yeast transformation techniques to C. albicans and selected an electroporation procedure for further optimization. Transformation efficiencies of up to 300 transformants/µg were obtained for an integrative plasmid and up to 4500 transformants/µg for a CARS-carrying plasmid. This reasonably high transformation efficiency, combined with the ease and speed of electroporation in comparison to alternative techniques, make it the preferred method for transformation of C. albicans.
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Backer et al. (1999) studied this question.
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