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Sporocarps of Laccaria were collected in conjunction with a survey of potential ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with black spruce in northern Minnesota. Homokaryons were grown from single spores, and dikaryons were isolated from sporocarp tissue and from surface-disinfested ectomycorrhizae. Pairings of sibling homokaryons indicated a bifactorial (tetrapolar) sexual incompatibility system for all sporocarps
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R. L. Doudrick (1989) studied this question.
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