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We are writing in response to the recent article by Cepon-Robins et al. (2025) entitled “Soil-Transmitted Helminths and the Intricacies of Immunoregulation: Evidence from Amazonian Ecuador for the Importance of Considering Species-Specific Effects Within the Old Friends Hypothesis”. This study offers a timely and nuanced exploration of species-specific immunoregulatory effects of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections among the Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador. First
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Rattanapitoon et al. (2025) studied this question.
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