Economic Burden of Physical Inactivity in Europe

Physical inactivity (PI) is a well-established risk factor for the development of several diseases and represents a major public health challenge in Europe. Beyond this clinical impact, PI is associated with a significant economic burden, both in direct and indirect healthcare (HC) costs. This study aims to evaluate the economic burden of PI in Europe, with a particular focus on HC-related costs. A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed up to March 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. Of the 319 studies initially identified, 17 met the inclusion criteria. The methodologies were diverse, particularly in terms of physical activity assessment, population characteristics, methodology, and the costs analyzed. Overall, the studies indicate that PI is associated with a higher economic burden, primarily impacting direct HC costs (only three studies addressing indirect costs). In addition to costs, four studies evaluated the Disability-Adjusted Life Years attributable to PI. Cardiovascular diseases and cancer were the most studied conditions. Furthermore, several studies highlighted the beneficial economic effects of interventions aimed at increasing physical activity. In conclusion, PI imposes a significant economic burden on HC systems in Europe, reinforcing its relevance as a public health priority. These findings emphasize the urgent need for effective strategies and policies to promote physical activity and reduce its socioeconomic impact.