Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Introduction - E. Gyimah-Boadi. Africa: The Quality of Political Reform - E. Gyimah-Boadi. Economic Reform: Patterns and Constraints - N. van de Walle. What People Say About Reforms - M Bratton and R. Mattes. Civil Society and Democratic Development - E. Gyimah-Boadi. Corruption and Corruption Control - S.J. Kpundeh. Intrastate Conflict - S.J. Stedman and T. Lyons. Botswana: The Path to Democracy and Development - P. Molutsi. Mozambique: The Challenge of Democratization - B. Mazula. Nigeria: Prospects for the Fourth Republic - A. Agbaje. South Africa: Building Democracy After Apartheid - S. Friedman. Conclusion - L. Diamond.
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Lambright et al. (2004) studied this question.
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